Caelius Aurelianus is considered the last learned medical writer of antiquity. He was born in Sicca Veneria, in the Africaproconsularis, and was active between the fourth and the first part of the fifth century AD. He followed the principles of the 'Methodic' school, and defended them in his writings. On the basis of linguistic and stylistic criteria, scholars think that Aurelianus is a younger contemporary of Thedorus Priscianus and Cassius Felix.

He wrote several medical texts. The extant works include the Celeres passiones, in three books, discusses acute illnesses, and the Tardae passiones, in five books, on chronic illnesses. In these two complementary works Aurelianus offered to his readers a complete translation of the Greek treatise by Soranus of Ephesus, Περὶ ὀξέων καὶ χρονίων παϑῶν.

A single manuscript transmits another work attributed to him under the title Gynaecia. It in fact is a jumbled collection of texts by Aurelianus and Mustio on pregnancy, on gynaecological illnesses and on illnesses of newborn babies.

Two independent fragments from his Medicinales responsiones are extant. They are known under the titles De salutaribus praeceptis and De speciali significatione diaeticarum passionum. The Medicinales responsioneswas a handbook aimed at introducing people to the science of medicine. It comprised at least nine books. It was written in the expository technique called erotapokrisis(a sequence of questions and answers). [D. Paniagua; trad. L. Battezzato]